俄总统梅德韦杰夫8-28演讲稿

2008年8月26日，俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫签署法令，承认格鲁吉亚两个分离省份南奥塞梯和阿布哈兹共和国独立，以下中译文。

我亲爱的同胞们，俄罗斯公民们！

你们无疑都已了解了南奥塞梯的悲剧。格鲁吉亚军队利用夜幕对茨欣瓦利行刑式的狂轰滥炸造成我国数百名平民阵亡，阵亡者当中还有俄罗斯的维和士兵，他们为执行保护妇女、儿童和老人的职责而捐躯了。

格鲁吉亚领导人违反了联合国宪章及国际条约所规定的义务，背离了理性的声音，悍然发动了武装冲突，使众多无辜平民遭殃。同样的命运也等待着阿布哈兹。很显然，他们在第比利斯期盼着利用闪击战在国际社会面前制造既成事实。他们选择了最不人道的方式来实现其目的，即通过屠杀整个民族来吞并南奥塞梯。

这已不是其第一次的企图了。早在1991，格鲁吉亚总统加姆萨胡尔季阿就宣示了他的座右铭：“格鲁吉亚为格鲁吉亚人所有”，想想这句话的含义吧！他命令进攻苏枯木和茨欣瓦利，造成数千人死亡、几万人成为难民，村庄毁为瓦砾。此刻，正是我们俄罗斯结束了对阿布哈兹和奥塞梯人民的全面屠杀行为。我国挺身而出进行调解和维和，坚持以政治途径解决争端。同时，我们一如既往地以承认格鲁吉亚的领土完整作为自己的行动指南。

但是，格鲁吉亚领导人却选择了另一条道路，他们干扰谈判进程、无视已经达成的协议、不断进行政治和军事挑衅、攻击维和部队，凡此种种严重损害了在联合国和欧安组织支持下在冲突地区所建立的机制。

俄罗斯一直显示着平静和耐心。我们再三呼吁各方回到谈判桌上，即便在科索沃单方面宣布独立之后，我们都没有偏离这一立场。然而，我们坚持不懈地向格鲁吉亚方面提出的关于与阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯签署不使用武力协议的建议却始终得不到回答。遗憾的是，这些建议在北约和联合国也被人置之不理。

现在已十分清楚了：第比利斯毫无以和平方式解决争端之意。格鲁吉亚领导人正在精心准备战争，其外国保护者给予的政治和物质支持仅仅使其产生可以为所欲为的认识。

第比利斯在2008年8月8日晚做出了选择。萨卡什维利选择以屠杀来完成其政治目标。如此一来，他自己把奥塞梯人、阿布哈兹人与格鲁吉亚人共同生活于一个国家的所有希望打碎了。南奥塞梯和阿布哈兹的人民已经几次通过全民公决喊出了建立独立共和国的心声。我们认为，在茨欣瓦利悲剧发生和格对阿布哈兹有所图谋之后，两地的人民有权自己决定他们自己的命运。

南奥塞梯和阿布哈兹总统根据这两个共和国的全民公决结果和议会决议呼吁俄罗斯承认南奥塞梯和阿布哈兹的国家主权。联邦委员会和国家杜马投票支持其呼吁。

时局要求我做出如下决定：鉴于奥塞梯和阿布哈兹人民自由表达的意愿，并遵照《联合国宪章》规定、1970年《关于国家间友好关系的国际法原则宣言》、1975年欧洲安全合作会议《赫尔辛基最终法案》与其他基本国际文书，我签署了俄联邦承认南奥塞梯和阿布哈兹独立的法令。

俄罗斯呼吁其他国家做出同样的决定。这并非是一个容易的选择，但为拯救生命，这却是可以做出的唯一决定。

以下是梅德韦杰夫演讲英文原稿：
Text of Medvedev's Georgia announcement
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev announced Tuesday that Moscow has recognized the Georgian separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia as independent. The following is the Kremlin translation of Medvedev's televised address:
My dear fellow countrymen, citizens of Russia!

You are no doubt well aware of the tragedy of South Ossetia. The nighttime execution-style bombardment of Tskhinval by the Georgian troops resulted in the deaths of hundreds of our civilians. Among the dead were the Russian peacekeepers, who gave their lives in fulfilling their duty to protect women, children and the elderly.

The Georgian leadership, in violation of the UN Charter and their obligations under international agreements and contrary to the voice of reason, unleashed an armed conflict victimizing innocent civilians. The same fate lay in store for Abkhazia. Obviously, they in Tbilisi hoped for a blitzkrieg that would have confronted the world community with an accomplished fact. The most inhuman way was chosen to achieve the objective - annexing South Ossetia trough the annihilation of a whole people.

That was not the first attempt to do this. In 1991, President Gamsahourdia of Georgia, having proclaimed the motto "Georgia for Georgians" - just think about it! - ordered attacks on the cities of Sukhum and Tskhinval. The result then was thousands of killed people, dozens of thousands of refugees and devastated villages. And it was Russia who at that time put an end to the eradication of the Abkhaz and Ossetian peoples. Our country came forward as a mediator and peacekeeper insisting on a political settlement. In doing so we were invariably guided by the recognition of Georgia's territorial integrity.

The Georgian leadership chose another way. Disrupting the negotiating process, ignoring the agreements achieved, committing political and military provocations, attacking the peacekeepers - all these actions grossly violated the regime established in conflict zones with the support of the United Nations and OSCE.

Russia continually displayed calm and patience. We repeatedly called for returning to the negotiating table and did not deviate from this position of ours even after the unilateral proclamation of Kosovo's independence. However our persistent proposals to the Georgian side to conclude agreements with Abkhazia and South Ossetia on the nonuse of force remained unanswered. Regrettably, they were ignored also by NATO and even at the United Nations.

It stands quite clear now: a peaceful resolution of the conflict was not part of Tbilisi's plan. The Georgian leadership was methodically preparing for war, while the political and material support provided by their foreign guardians only served to reinforce the perception of their own impunity.

Tbilisi made its choice during the night of August 8, 2008. Saakashvili opted for genocide to accomplish his political objectives. By doing so he himself dashed all the hopes for the peaceful coexistence of Ossetians, Abkhazians and Georgians in a single state. The peoples of South Ossetia and Abkhazia have several times spoken out at referendums in favor of independence for their republics. It is our understanding that after what has happened in Tskhinval and what has been planned for Abkhazia they have the right to decide their destiny by themselves.

The Presidents of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, based on the results of the referendums conducted and on the decisions taken by the Parliaments of the two republics, appealed to Russia to recognize the state sovereignty of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The Federation Council and the State Duma voted in support of those appeals.

A decision needs to be taken based on the situation on the ground. Considering the freely expressed will of the Ossetian and Abkhaz peoples and being guided by the provisions of the UN Charter, the 1970 Declaration on the Principles of International Law Governing Friendly Relations Between States, the CSCE Helsinki Final Act of 1975 and other fundamental international instruments, I signed Decrees on the recognition by the Russian Federation of South Ossetia's and Abkhazia's independence.

Russia calls on other states to follow its example. This is not an easy choice to make, but it represents the only possibility to save human lives.