地缘政治是政治地理学中的一种理论,它根据各种地理要素和政治格局的地域形式,分析和预测世界或地区范围的战略形势和有关国家的政治行为。它把地理因素视为影响甚至是决定国家政治行为的一个基本因素。跨界民族最大的特点是跨国界而居,因此,跨界民族和地缘政治有着不可分离的关系。
内蒙古的跨界民族主题是蒙古民族,分布地域非常大、人口数量非常多、语言和宗教信仰统一,所以，对中国的汉人统治集团来说，跨界民族问题相对来说十分敏感。
内蒙古与蒙古国和俄罗斯国交界,地理位置重要且特殊,主体民族蒙古族在境外有自己独立的国家,再加上近年来“三蒙统一”思潮的兴行,某种程度上影响着蒙中关系和蒙古地缘政治的安全；
俄罗斯人在内蒙古等地、俄罗斯、蒙古国均有分布；内蒙古的俄罗斯族的民族认同和国家认同问题也很有空间。所以，系统研究内蒙古的跨界民族问题具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
学术界关于跨界民族问题与地缘政治安全的研究著作颇丰,但关于内蒙古的跨界民族问题与地缘政治安全的研究却几乎没有专门的著作或文章。本文选择内蒙古这一具体的地区,蒙古族和俄罗斯族这两个独特的民族来研究内蒙古这一具体地区的跨界民族问题对地缘政治安全的影响。
本文综合运用了文献资料法、实地调研法、深度访谈法等多种研究方法,尝试着从内蒙古的跨界民族问题影响地缘政治安全的视角分析了内蒙古的跨界民族问题,提出了内蒙古跨界民族问题对地缘政治安全的影响主要表现为内蒙古的跨界民族问题影响蒙古族和俄罗斯族的国家认同、影响所在国家主权和领土完整、影响所在国的地缘政治稳定、影响大国与蒙古国的关系。
在此基础上,本文认为必须从思想上高度重视跨界民族问题、行动上综合运用多种手段、原则上坚持国家利益至上来解决内蒙古的跨界民族问题。
The cross-border Ethnic Group is the group which is now distributed in the border area of two or more countries and the countries is adjacent to each other. The two cross-border Ethnic Groups belong to the same nationality. The issue of Cross-border Ethnic Group is very popular in today’s world, in relation to Political science, Ethnology, International relations and other disciplines. Geopolitics is a theory of political geography, which is according to various geographical and political elements of the geographical pattern of the form, analyzing and predicting the world or region-wide strategic situation and the relevant country’s political behavior. It is considered that the geographical factors is the one factor which effects or determines the political behaviors. The greatest feature of the Cross-border Ethnic Group is that they lie in the border of the countries, therefore, the Cross-border Ethnic Group and geopolitical effect each other.There are thirty four Cross-border Ethnic Groups in China. They distribute in many province, the quantity of them is very big, both their languages and religions are very complex. Inner Mongolia is link to Mongolia and the Russian, its location is important and special, the main ethnic Mongolians have their own independent state. In recent years, the "Three Mongolia unity" thought is on the way. These factors disturb the relations between China and Mongolian and it also affect China’s geopolitical security. Russians distribute in China, Russia, Mongolia, the study of the cross-border ethnic issues in Inner Mongolia has important theoretical and practical significance.Academic research works on cross-border ethnic group and geopolitical security was very big, But there is almost no books or special articles on the cross-border ethnic issues in Inner Mongolia and geopolitical security research. This article chooses the special region of Inner Mongolia to study the two unique ethnic group:Mongolian and Russian people to study the relations between the cross-border ethnic issues and geopolitical security.This paper uses literature, field research methods, depth interviews and other methods, trying to study the cross-border issue of Inner Mongolia from the view of the relations between the cross-border ethnic issues and geopolitical security. This article holds the opinions that the issues of Cross-border Ethnic Group affect the recognizations of the Mongolia and the Russian, China’s national sovereignty and territorial integrity, China’s geopolitical stability, Mongolia’s relations with big powers. On this basis, the paper argues that we must attach great importance to cross-border ethnic issues in our thought, use the integrated various means in actions, adhere to the principle of the supremacy of national interests in principle to address cross-border ethnic issues in Inner Mongolia.
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